A Double Conversion Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), also known as an online UPS, is designed to provide a continuous, clean, and reliable power supply to critical equipment. There are three main kinds.
The first type, called “Off line” or “Stand-by” UPS, passes through mains electricity to its outlets. It keeps an eye on the line to watch for big changes in voltage or total power loss. If it notices either, the UPS turns the inverter on and gets the power from the battery or batteries up and running before the dip goes back to safe levels or the main power comes back on.
Next up, we have the “Line Interactive” UPS. These have an AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) in them. This boosts and stabilizes power during dips and spikes (too much voltage).
Finally, there’s the “On-line” type. The inverter in this kind is always “online.” It changes all the incoming power into direct current, which charges the batteries and powers up the inverter. Double conversion UPS systems give uninterrupted power to crucial loads. They do this by filtering and changing the incoming utility power to DC power. Then they switch the DC power from the inverter into a full AC output. The inverter generally gets power from batteries or flywheels that might have a DC source. This way, a good online double conversion UPS shelters the essential load from any quick or voltage changes, including surges, dips, increases, and line disconnects.
Working Principles of Double Conversion UPS
When the AC input is not in its normal range, the UPS begins to use power from its battery. This keeps the UPS output stable. Changing from AC input to battery power in the UPS takes a bit of time in several double conversion online designs. During these changes, the stored energy is supplied to the inverter by the ‘DC-link’ capacitor. Even though a brief power break occurs while going through the ‘DC link’, the UPS’s output voltage stays steady. An online double conversion system works between the mains and the important load. It gives a regular power supply to this load, no matter what condition the mains are in. There are no moving parts, and a battery is included. It provides backup power to the load for a certain time.
Main Components of Double Conversion UPS
The words ‘online Double conversion UPS’ in terms means as it says. The UPS forms of 5 primary components
- A rectifier – first conversion;
- An inverter – second conversion;
- A static bypass switch;
- A manual bypass switch;
- A battery
Rectifier
A rectifier, typically a thyristor bridge, switches AC main power to DC. It charges batteries and powers the inverter while handling system losses too.
Inverter
Think of the UPS inverter as the polar opposite of a rectifier. It utilises a process called PWM to fragment the ready DC power from the DC link. This DC gets swiftly toggled on and off using IGBTs, producing a rich, harmonious sine wave in short, varied bursts of different magnitudes and durations. After filtering happens, a smooth, pure sine wave is born.
Static bypass
A UPS contains a fast-switching component known as a static bypass. Normally, power streams through the rectifier and inverter towards the load. Also, the power is usable for static and manual bypass inputs.
The Controller:
It’s in charge of running the UPS. It keeps an eye on power situations and commands the rectifier, inverter, and bypass switch.
Software
Many UPS systems are currently available with a wide variety of monitoring and shutdown software.
Screen/Control Panel:
It shows the condition and operation of the Double conversion UPS. Also, users can use it to check and adjust settings.
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